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Kuirbet Susya ((アラビア語:سوسية), ) is a Palestinian village. Palestinian villagers who are variously reported as living in caves for decades there〔Nir Hasson,('Should 250 Cave Dwellers Interfere With the Fence? ,' ) Haaretz 13 September 2004.〕 during grazing time〔 or said to belong to a unique southern Hebron cave-dwelling culture present in the area since the early 19th century,〔Oren Yiftachel, Neve Gordon, ('The Lurking Shadow of Expulsion,' ) 15 May 2002.〕 In 1986, after the site was declared "archaeological site" by Israeli Civil Administration, the residents were expelled from it. They relocated to other caves in the area and built shelters on agricultural land. After the murder of Yair Har-Sinai from the nearby Susya settlement, in 2001, the village was demolished for the second time. Currently there are demolition orders standing for the structures of the village.〔 The population of the Palestinian community reportedly numbered 350 in 2012〔 and 250 residents the following year.〔('Khirbet Susiya,' ) B'tselem 1 Jan 2013.〕 constituted by 50 nuclear families (2015), up from 25 in 1986〔 and 13 in 2008.〔 ==Origins and background== Khirbet Susya, called ''Susya al-Qadima'' ('Old Susya')〔David Shulman, ‘('I Am an Illegal Alien on My Own Land,’ ) at The New York Review of Books, June 28, 2012.〕 was a village attached to the archaeological site at Khirbet Susiya.〔( 'Susya: A History of Loss,' ) Rabbis for Human Rights 7 November 2013.〕〔Yaacov Hasdai,''Truth in the Shadow of War'', Zmora, Bitan, Modan, 1979 p.70:'Shmarya Gutman, the archaeologist, told them of the magnificent remains of the ancient synagogue ''at'' the village of Susiya in the Hebron Hills'.〕 In early 19th century, many residents of the two big villages in the area of South Mount Hebron, Yatta and Dura, started to immigrate to ruins and caves in the area and became 'satellite villages' (daughters) to the mother town. Reasons for the expansion were lack of land for agriculture and construction in the mother towns which resulted in high prices of land, rivalry between the mother-towns chamulas wishing to control more land and resources and being a security buffer which made it more difficult for gangs of robber to raid the mother villages. Caves are used by local as residences, storage space and sheepfold.〔 The affiliation between the satellite villages and mother town remained. While some of the satellites became permanent villages with communities of 100s, others remained temporary settlements which served the shepherds and fallāḥīn.for several months every year.〔〔Havakook p.25-31〕 In 1981-2 it was estimated 100-120 families dwelt in caves permanently in the South Mount Hebron region while 750-850 families lived there temporarily.〔Havakook p.65〕 Yaakov Havakook, who lived with the locals in the region for several years, writes that the community at Khirbet Susya was seasonal and didn't live in there year-round. Families of shepherds arrived after the first rain (October–November), stayed during the grazing season and left in April end or beginning of May.〔 and the alike will discover, that every year, during grazing time, families of shepherds visit the caves in these ruins, with every shepherd family returning to and living in the same cave in which that family lived in the prior season. At the end of the rainy season, the shepherds abandon the caves which they used during the grazing months, and return to their village, or may visit other grazing areas.〕 They were known for a special kind of cheese produced in their caves,〔Ephraim Stern, Ayelet Leṿinzon-Gilboʻa, Joseph Aviram,(New encyclopedia of archaeological excavations in the Holy Land,'' ) Vol.4,Israel Exploration Society & Carta, 1993 p1415:'a special kind of cheese that, until recently, was processed in the caves of Khirbet Susiya.'〕 and lived by harvesting olives, herding sheep, growing crops, and beekeeping.〔Ylenia Gostoli, ('Archaeology of a dispossession,' ) Qantara.de 27 April 2015.〕 According to Rabbi for Human Rights, in 1948, the preexisting population was augmented by an influx of Palestinian refugees expelled during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War from the area of Ramat Arad, who purchased land in the area.〔('The origin of the expulsion – A Brief history of Palestinian Susya,' ) Rabbis for Human Rights 25 June 2012〕 In 1982 an Israel settlement planner, Plia Albeck, examined the area of Susiya, the synagogue and the Palestinian village built on and around it, and finding it legally difficult to advance Jewish settlement, wrote: “The () synagogue is located in an area that is known as the lands of Khirbet Susya, and around an Arab village between the ancient ruins. There is a formal registration on the land of Khirbet Susya with the Land Registry, according to which this land, amounting to approximately 3000 dunam (741 acres ), is privately held by many Arab owners. Therefore the area proximal to the () synagogue is in all regards privately owned.”〔('The “Mother of the Settlements” recognizes Susya,' )Rabbis for Human Rights 25 May 2015.〕 In June 1986, Israel expropriated the Palestinian village's residential ground for an archeological site, evicting about 25 families. The expelled Susyans settled in caves and tin shacks nearby, on their agricultural lands at a site now called Rujum al-Hamri,〔Yuval Baruch, ''Horbat Susya and Rujum el-Hajiri as a Case Study for the Development of the Village and the Rural Settlement in the Hebron Hills from the Early Roman Period to the Early Muslim Period,''(Phd Dissertation) Hebrew University 2009, cited in Stuart S. Miller, ( ''At the Intersection of Texts and Material Finds: Stepped Pools, Stone Vessels, and Ritual Purity Among the Jews of Roman Galilee,'' ) Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015 p.20 n.9〕 to restart their lives.〔〔〔Ta'ayush, ('Aggressive Zionist body wins court order to demolish Palestinian village,' ), at Jews for Justice for Palestinians, 14 June 2012.〕 The Israeli government official stance on the matter says "“There was no historic Palestinian village at the archaeological site there; that the village consists of only a few seasonal residences for a few families; and the land is necessary for the continuation of archaeological work.”〔Chaim Levinson,('Israel seeks to demolish Palestinian village on ‘archaeological’ grounds ,' ) Haaretz 28 March 2015.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Issues/Pages/Behind-the-Headlines-Susiya.aspx )〕 According to Regavim, an NGO which petitioned the Supreme Court to execute the demolition orders at Khirbet susya, the place was used as grazing area and olive agricalture seasonally before 1986. In a report, Regavim writes that travelers from the late 19th century report finding ruins (while nearby Semua was reported as inhabited),〔Tristram, 1865, p.( 387 )〕 The British census from 1945 does not mention Susya〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/VillageStatistics.xls )〕〔(1945 census )〕 and, according to Regavim, a survey from 1967, done after Six-Day War, refers to Khirbat Susya as ruins in contrast to nearby villages such as At-Tuwani, Yatta and more.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://regavim.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Susya-Research-The-real-story1.pdf )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khirbet Susya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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